I am trying to implement the variational quantum classifier(explicit approach- Figs. 4 and 5) as described in the paper using Pennylane. The circuit architecture is provided in the supplementary information.
I have coded everything and it seems okay to me. However, it doesn’t work and I get the UserWarning: Output seems independent of input.
Can there be a possible error in encoding the inputs and circuit parameters?
@Maria_Schuld
Code snippet:
dev_fock = qml.device("strawberryfields.fock", wires=2, cutoff_dim=3)
def layer(W):
qml.Beamsplitter(W[0,0], W[1,0], wires=[0,1])
qml.Displacement(1.0,W[0,1],wires=0)
qml.Displacement(1.0,W[1,1],wires=1)
qml.QuadraticPhase(W[0,2],wires=0)
qml.QuadraticPhase(W[1,2],wires=1)
qml.CubicPhase(W[0,3],wires=0)
qml.CubicPhase(W[1,3],wires=1)
@qml.qnode(dev_fock)
def circuit_p0(weights, x):
qml.templates.embeddings.SqueezingEmbedding(x,wires=[0,1],method='phase',c=1.5)
for W in weights:
layer(W)
return expval(qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([2,0]), wires=[0,1]))
@qml.qnode(dev_fock)
def circuit_p1(weights, x):
qml.templates.embeddings.SqueezingEmbedding(x,wires=[0,1],method='phase',c=1.5)
for W in weights:
layer(W)
return expval(qml.FockStateProjector(np.array([0,2]), wires=[0,1]))
def variational_classifier(var, x):
weights=var[0]
bias=var[1]
p0= circuit_p0(weights,x)+bias
p1= circuit_p1(weights,x)+bias
prob_y0= p0/(p0+p1)
prob_y1= p1/(p0+p1)
if prob_y0> prob_y1:
ans=-1
else:
ans=1
return ans
def square_loss(labels, predictions):
loss = 0
for l, p in zip(labels, predictions):
loss = loss + (l - p) ** 2
loss = loss / len(labels)
return loss
def accuracy(labels, predictions):
acc = 0
for l, p in zip(labels, predictions):
if abs(l - p) < 1e-5:
acc = acc + 1
acc = acc / len(labels)
return acc
def cost(var, X, Y):
predictions = [variational_classifier(var, x=x) for x in X]
return square_loss(Y, predictions)
X, Y= sklearn.datasets.make_moons(n_samples=200, shuffle=True, noise=0.1, random_state=None)
Y = Y * 2 - np.ones(len(Y)) # shift label from {0, 1} to {-1, 1}
np.random.seed(0)
num_qubits = 2
num_layers = 4
var_init = (np.random.randn(num_layers, num_qubits,4),0.0)
batch_size = 5
opt = AdamOptimizer(0.01, beta1=0.9, beta2=0.99)
var = var_init
sqloss=np.zeros(50)
for it in range(50):
batch_index = np.random.randint(0, len(X), (batch_size,))
X_batch = X[batch_index]
Y_batch = Y[batch_index]
var = opt.step(lambda v: cost(v, X_batch, Y_batch), var)
predictions = [variational_classifier(var, x) for x in X]
acc = accuracy(Y, predictions)
sqloss[it]= square_loss(Y,predictions)
print("Iter: {:5d} | Cost: {:0.7f} | Accuracy: {:0.7f} ".format(it + 1, cost(var, X, Y), acc))
