# KerasLayer error parameter dynamic: True **URL:** https://discuss.pennylane.ai/t/keraslayer-error-parameter-dynamic-true/4253 **Category:** PennyLane Help **Created:** [March 11, 2024, 1:36am UTC](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/t/keraslayer-error-parameter-dynamic-true/4253 "2024-03-11T01:36:45Z") **Posts on this page:** 6 **Page:** 1
### Author: ![Christophe\_Pere](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex012/user_avatar/discuss.pennylane.ai/christophe_pere/32/2417_2.png) [@Christophe\_Pere](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/u/Christophe_Pere) #### Post date: [March 11, 2024, 1:36am UTC](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/t/keraslayer-error-parameter-dynamic-true/4253/1 "2024-03-11T01:36:45Z")
Hello! Recently, one of my students reached out to me with an error using `KerasLayer`. After a brief discussion, I tried her code and got the same error. I updated PennyLane to version 0.35, but there is still the same error. I took a look at the class using ```auto qml.qnn.KerasLayer?? ``` In a notebook, I tested the code provided in the class description. See above: ```auto import pennylane as qml import tensorflow as tf import sklearn.datasets n_qubits = 2 dev = qml.device("default.qubit", wires=n_qubits) @qml.qnode(dev) def qnode(inputs, weights): qml.templates.AngleEmbedding(inputs, wires=range(n_qubits)) qml.templates.StronglyEntanglingLayers(weights, wires=range(n_qubits)) return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0)), qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(1)) weight_shapes = {"weights": (3, n_qubits, 3)} qlayer = qml.qnn.KerasLayer(qnode, weight_shapes, output_dim=2) clayer1 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(2) clayer2 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(2, activation="softmax") model = tf.keras.models.Sequential([clayer1, qlayer, clayer2]) data = sklearn.datasets.make_moons() X = tf.constant(data[0]) Y = tf.one_hot(data[1], depth=2) opt = tf.keras.optimizers.SGD(learning_rate=0.5) model.compile(opt, loss='mae') ``` And I obtained the same error as my student. The parameter `dynamic: True`. It’s strange because this parameter doesn’t appear in the class. My intuition is around a version problem, but I’m not sure. `KerasLayer` isn’t in my toolbox, but it’s the first time I’ve used it. Here is the full output message: ```auto --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ValueError Traceback (most recent call last) Cell In[9], line 16 12 return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0)), qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(1)) 14 weight_shapes = {"weights": (3, n_qubits, 3)} ---> 16 qlayer = qml.qnn.KerasLayer(qnode, weight_shapes, output_dim=2) 17 clayer1 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(2) 18 clayer2 = tf.keras.layers.Dense(2, activation="softmax") File ~/Concordia/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pennylane/qnn/keras.py:324, in KerasLayer. __init__ (self, qnode, weight_shapes, output_dim, weight_specs, **kwargs) 320 self.weight_specs = weight_specs if weight_specs is not None else {} 322 self.qnode_weights = {} --> 324 super(). __init__ (dynamic=True, **kwargs) 326 # no point in delaying the initialization of weights, since we already know their shapes 327 self.build(None) File ~/Concordia/lib/python3.10/site-packages/keras/src/layers/layer.py:265, in Layer. __init__ (self, activity_regularizer, trainable, dtype, autocast, name, **kwargs) 263 self._input_shape_arg = input_shape_arg 264 if kwargs: --> 265 raise ValueError( 266 "Unrecognized keyword arguments " 267 f"passed to {self. __class__. __name__ }: {kwargs}" 268 ) 270 self.built = False 271 self.dtype_policy = dtype_policies.get(dtype) ValueError: Unrecognized keyword arguments passed to KerasLayer: {'dynamic': True} ``` We are not even trying to train the model… Any clue? My version packages: ```auto Name: PennyLane Version: 0.35.0 Summary: PennyLane is a cross-platform Python library for quantum computing, quantum machine learning, and quantum chemistry. Train a quantum computer the same way as a neural network. Home-page: https://github.com/PennyLaneAI/pennylane Author: Author-email: License: Apache License 2.0 Location: /home/ubuntu/Concordia/lib/python3.10/site-packages Requires: appdirs, autograd, autoray, cachetools, networkx, numpy, pennylane-lightning, requests, rustworkx, scipy, semantic-version, toml, typing-extensions Required-by: PennyLane_Lightning Platform info: Linux-5.15.0-89-generic-x86_64-with-glibc2.35 Python version: 3.10.9 Numpy version: 1.26.0 Scipy version: 1.11.3 Installed devices: - default.clifford (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.gaussian (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.mixed (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.qubit (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.qubit.autograd (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.qubit.jax (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.qubit.legacy (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.qubit.tf (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.qubit.torch (PennyLane-0.35.0) - default.qutrit (PennyLane-0.35.0) - null.qubit (PennyLane-0.35.0) - lightning.qubit (PennyLane_Lightning-0.35.0) ``` Thanks for your time. ---
### Author: ![isaacdevlugt](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex012/user_avatar/discuss.pennylane.ai/isaacdevlugt/32/1159_2.png) [@isaacdevlugt](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/u/isaacdevlugt) #### Post date: [March 12, 2024, 2:30pm UTC](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/t/keraslayer-error-parameter-dynamic-true/4253/2 "2024-03-12T14:30:05Z")
Hey @Christophe_Pere, Very strange! I’m not able to replicate this on my machine; I copy-pasted your code and was able to run it just fine. I’m using an M1 Mac with `tensorflow-macos==2.15.0` and `pennylane==0.35.0`. Usually when stuff like this happens, I suggest the “turn off and back on” approach of creating a fresh virtual environment, installing the packages you need, and trying it again. On Linux, simply open a terminal and do the following: ```auto $ python -m venv $ source /bin/activate $ python -m pip install pennylane tensorflow scikit-learn $ python -m ``` Let me know if this helps! ---
### Author: ![Christophe\_Pere](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex012/user_avatar/discuss.pennylane.ai/christophe_pere/32/2417_2.png) [@Christophe\_Pere](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/u/Christophe_Pere) #### Post date: [March 12, 2024, 3:07pm UTC](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/t/keraslayer-error-parameter-dynamic-true/4253/3 "2024-03-12T15:07:25Z")
Hi @isaacdevlugt, Thanks a lot. In fact, I think the problem comes from the version of `tensorflow`. I used the version `2.16.1` and got the error. You used `2.15.0`, and it was ok. So I tested with another environment where `tensorflow==2.14.0` is installed, and it works. So it seems to provide an incompatibility with the latest version of `tensorflow`. ---
### Author: ![isaacdevlugt](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex012/user_avatar/discuss.pennylane.ai/isaacdevlugt/32/1159_2.png) [@isaacdevlugt](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/u/isaacdevlugt) #### Post date: [March 12, 2024, 5:47pm UTC](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/t/keraslayer-error-parameter-dynamic-true/4253/4 "2024-03-12T17:47:47Z")
Ah! Interesting. I’ll make sure to raise this to our dev team 🙂. Glad I could help! ---
### Author: ![arthiudayak](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex012/user_avatar/discuss.pennylane.ai/arthiudayak/32/2414_2.png) [@arthiudayak](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/u/arthiudayak) #### Post date: [March 14, 2024, 9:58am UTC](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/t/keraslayer-error-parameter-dynamic-true/4253/5 "2024-03-14T09:58:44Z")
Hello All, I also faced the same issue, but I used below version tensorflow==2.15.0 pennylane==0.35.0 pennylane\_lightning==0.35.0 I think the issue is due to new versions of Pennylane and Tensorflow compatibility. but the above is working. ---
### Author: ![isaacdevlugt](https://yyz2.discourse-cdn.com/flex012/user_avatar/discuss.pennylane.ai/isaacdevlugt/32/1159_2.png) [@isaacdevlugt](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/u/isaacdevlugt) #### Post date: [March 14, 2024, 8:38pm UTC](https://discuss.pennylane.ai/t/keraslayer-error-parameter-dynamic-true/4253/6 "2024-03-14T20:38:40Z")
Hey @arthiudayak! Welcome to the forum 🙂 I would make sure to create a fresh virtual environment, install the proper package versions, and make sure you use that environment when you try to execute your code. If that doesn’t work, can you please attach your full code so that I can try to replicate the issue on my side?